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In this article, you can check out the Syllabus for Class 12 Economics 2024-25 – PSEB and you can also download the syllabus in the PDF Format.
ECONOMICS (HUMANITIES/COMMERCE GROUP)
CLASS – XII
2024-25
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Theory: 80 Marks
Internal Assessment including Project Work: 20 Marks
PART A: INTRODUCTORY MICRO ECONOMICS
UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION
A Simple Economy, Central Problems of an Economy, Organisation of Economic Activities, The Centrally Planned Economy, The Market Economy, Positive and Normative Economics, Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
UNIT-2 THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Utility Analysis: Cardinal Utility Analysis, Ordinal Utility Analysis, The Consumer’s Budget, Budget Set and Budget Line, Changes in the Budget Set, Optimal Choice of the Consumer.
Demand: Demand Curve and the Law of Demand. Deriving a Demand Curve from Indifference Curves and Budget Constraints, Normal and Inferior Goods, Substitutes and Complements, shifts in the Demand Curve, Movements along the Demand Curve and Shifts in the Demand Curve, Market Demand.
Elasticity of Demand: Elasticity along a Linear Demand Curve, Factors Determining Price Elasticity of Demand for a Good, Elasticity and Expenditure.
UNIT-3 PRODUCTION AND COSTS
Production Function: The Short Run and the Long Run, Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product, The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product and the Law of Variable Proportions, Shapes of Total Product, Marginal Product and Average Product Curves, Returns to Scale.
Costs: Short Run Costs, Long Run Costs.
UNIT-4: THE THEORY OF THE FIRM UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
Perfect Competition: Defining Features, Revenue and Profit Maximization, The Profit Maximization Problem: Graphical Representation, Supply Curve of a Firm: Short run and long run supply curve, Shut down point, normal profit and break-even point.
Determinants of a Firm’s Supply Curve: Technological Progress and Input Prices, Market Supply Curve, Price Elasticity of Supply.
UNIT-5 MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
Equilibrium, Excess Demand, Excess Supply, Market Equilibrium: Fixed Number of Firms and Free Entry and Exit.
Applications of Price Ceiling and Price Floor.
Unit-6 Non-Competitive Markets
PART B: INTRODUCTORY MACRO ECONOMICS
UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION
Introduction and Emergence of Macroeconomics
UNIT-2 NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
Some Basic Concepts of Macroeconomics, Circular Flow of Income and Methods of Calculating National Income: The Product or Value-Added Method, Expenditure Method and Income Method. Concepts of Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Prices.
Some Macroeconomic Identities, Nominal and Real GDP, GDP and Welfare
UNIT-3 MONEY AND BANKING
Functions of Money, Demand for Money and Supply of Money, Money Creation by Banking System:
Balance Sheet of a Fictional Bank, Limits to Credit Creation and Money Multiplier. Policy Tools to Control Money Supply.
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UNIT-4 DETERMINATION OF INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT
Aggregate Demand and its Components: Consumption, Investment. Determination of Income in Twosector Model.
Determination of Equilibrium Income in the Short Run: Macroeconomic equilibrium with price level fixed, Effect of an autonomous change in aggregate demand on income and output. The Multiplier Mechanism.
UNIT- 5 GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY
Government Budget – Meaning and its Components, Objectives of Government Budget, Classification of Receipts, Classification of Expenditure, Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget, Measures of Government Deficit.
UNIT-6 OPEN ECONOMY MACROECONOMICS
Balance of Payments: Current Account, Capital Account, Balance of Payments Surplus and Deficit. The Foreign Exchange Market: Foreign Exchange Rate, Determination of the Exchange Rate, Merits and Demerits of Flexible and Fixed Exchange Rate Systems, Managed Floating.
Download syllabus for class 12 ECONOMICS 2024-25 – PSEB in PDF
Download the PDF of the Syllabus for Class 12 BUSINESS STUDIES – II – PSEB For Free of cost
Check out Solutions of Various Books of Accountancy for Class 12 For PSEB
Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) Solutions of Usha Publication.
If you’re a student enrolled in the Punjab School Education Board Class 12, it’s essential to explore a wide range of books to cover the syllabus thoroughly. While the prescribed textbooks are undoubtedly valuable, supplementing your studies with additional resources can enhance your understanding and knowledge. Consider checking out other books that align with the curriculum, offering different perspectives and insights on the subjects you’re studying. These supplementary materials can provide you with alternative explanations, practice questions, and examples that may aid in clarifying complex concepts. Moreover, exploring diverse sources can expose you to a variety of writing styles and viewpoints, fostering a broader understanding of the subjects. So, seize the opportunity to expand your learning by delving into other books that can complement your studies and contribute to your academic growth.
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